Acetylene removal process



Nov. 19, 1968 ACETYLENES IN TREATED GAS, ppm

R. B. LONG 3,412,173

ACETYLENE REMOVAL PROCESS Filed May 17, 1967 EFFECT OF souos mcmmnou on Acemsue nmom no cnuos c I 1 I 1 NO souos PRECIPITATION VOLUME OF GAS TREATED, LlTERS/g. CuCl R. 5. LONG INVENTOR u (h, j W

PATENT ATTORNEY United States Patent "ic 3,412,113

Patented Nov. 19, 1968 3,412,173 Where ACETYLENE REMOVAL PROCESS (1) CuY is a cuprous halide or cuprous salt of a C -C Robert B. Long, Atlantic Highlands, N.J., assignor to Esso organic acid or less preferably cuprous hydroxide, and Research and Engineellng P yi a corporation of (2) R is hydrogen or an organic radical, preferably an H, Delaware 5 alkyl or alkylene group, e.g., a C -C or C -C alkyl Continuation-impart of application Ser. No. 423,227,

Jan. 4, 1965. This application May 17, 1967, Ser. alkylene 639,099 Thus, the solvent and reaction conditions are chosen such 16 Claims- 260-45315) that the complexed complex cuprous acetylide, a non- 10 explosive solid, is substantially insoluble in the solvent and continuously precipitates during the treating step,

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE thus providing the strong driving force for the reaction. Acetylenes are removed from gaseous or liquid streams In a preferred embodiment the precipitated solids are by contacting with a cuprous salt to form a complex, said separated and stripped of unreacted materials, -i.e., prisalt being initially dissolved in a basic solvent. The basic marily materials other than acetylenes and the solids solvent should have appreciable solubility for the salt heated to release the acteylenes and recover the cuprous but a low solubility for the complex. salt for recycle to the process. Alternatively, in another preferred embodiment the precipitated solids and solvent mixture is stripped and heated to release the acetylenes This application is a continuation-in-part of copending and recover the cuprous salt solvent soutlion for reuse.

application Ser. No. 423,227, filed Jan. 4, 1965. The new composition of matter complexed complex The present invention relates to a highly economic acetylides of this invention are characterized as follows: process for selectively and completely removing and re- (specific samples tested prepared using di-methyl sulfcovering acetylenes from a gas or liquid stream containing oxide as the critical solvent) Ouprous Chloride Ethyl Acetylene Mixed Cs and C4 Acetylene Vinyl Acetylene Methyl Acetylene Acetylenes Dark Tan Yellow Blaek- Yellow---. Yellow-Green.

Color Elenental Anal, Wt. percent:

O 1.9.. 5.6..- 7.7 0.9 3.4. Hot Plate Ignition Test Ignites and Burns Ignites and Burns Ignites and Burns Ignites and Burns Ignites and Burns.

Shock Sensitivity Test Insensitive Insensitive Insensitive 0t Tested Not Tested. Guprous Acetate Yellow-Green 1 Stable flame unlike explosive burning obtained with simple copper acetylides.

also other highly reactive materials. The present process It should be noted that the elemental analysis for vinyl may be used to purify streams of minor amounts of acetylene to cuprous salt is 4:1 rather than the 3:1 acetylenes or to recover pure acetylenes from more con- 40 shown by the formula given above. Thus, as expected, an centrated streams or to both purify streams of acetylenes additional molecule of cuprous salt complexes with the and to recover pure acetylenes. The present invention extra unsaturation in vinyl acetylene. This is true of any also relates to new complexes of copper compounds with alkylene group being present in the formula. acetylides useful as chemical intermediates and catalysts X-ray diffraction powder patterns were run on the for a variety of purposes, e.g., Reppe reactions such as various complexed acetylides prepared from the pure ethinylation, etc. acetylenes. These patterns when compared with the pat- The present process represents a major step forward terns of the solids from purifying crude butadiene shOWe-d over prior art process both (1) as to its ability to cornthat the complexed acetylides from crude hutadiene are pletely remove acetylenes to a level of below ppm, not simple mixtures of the homogeneous pure complexed e.g., less than 10 p.p.m. by short residence time contacting 50 acetylides. That is, one complexed acetylide molecule with a small volume of treating solution and (2) as to can contain two dilferent acetylide radicals in the same its ability to recover the said acetylenes in essentially molecule. Thus, in the formula given above for the new pure form, e.g., above 95% purity, thereby in purification complexed complex acetylides each R may be the same process minimizing loss of desired product and in or different, i.e., the formula can be written: acetylene recovery processes giving a pure acetylene Product CuY CuY The present process operates by means of the follow-mg Cu[(R CgC) CU(CETC R)] equation: 1, y

C CuY CuY 6CuY (dissolved in critical solvent) 2H-CEC-R (:T:

ThlS means that about 6 different complexed acetylides CuY can exist in the solids prepared from crude butadiene I because there are three acetylenes in crude butadiene. The Cu[Cu(O:C R)z] my X-ray spectra of the pure complexed acetylides show the CuY 5 typical strong lines in the neighborhood of 8 to 11 A.

which are characteristics of the complexed molecules, i.e., large and bulky rather than, e.g., simple acetylides.

Infrared spectra of KBr pellets of the complexed acetylides were obtained as follows (major bands given in microns were (s) stands for strong bands and (w) stands for weak bands).

Acetylene Methyl Ethyl Vinyl Mixed C3 and Acetylene Acetylene Acetylene O4 Acetylene 2.95 (s) 2.90 (s) 2.90 (s) 2.94 (s) 2.90 (s) 3.00 (s) 2.95 (a) 3.34 3.00 (s) 3.35 6.15 3.32 3.40 3.31 (w) 3.40 6.96 3.40 (to) 5.35 (w) 3.35 (to) 5.16 (to) 7.10 6.10 5.44 (w) 3.40 (10) 5.40 7. 63 6. 90 6.15 5. 41 6.15 7. 80 7. 03 6. 82 6. 6. 27 8.75 7.37 (w) 6.86 6.25 6.37 9.65 (s) 7.60 (11)) 6.95 6.97 (w) 6.84 10.50 (a) 7.80 7.07 (to) 7.14 6.87 11.13 (w) 8.73 7.25 7.80 (112) 7.00 11.80 (w) 9.72 (s) 7.69 9.27 (112) 7.12 13.00 (w) 9.93 8.02 (w) 9.80 (w) 7.25 (w) 14. 10 (w) 10.50 8.75 (to) 10.35 (s) 7.68 (w) 10.88 (to) 9. 10.75 (s) 7.80 (10) 11.12 (to) 9.37 10.90 (s) 8.03 (w) 11.75 (to) 9.75 (e) 11.80 (w) 9.20 13.00 (w; 50 14.95 14.05 (w .77 w w 12.80 10.34 (a) 14.10 (w) 10.93 (a) Samples of the new complexed complex acetylides were also prepared using amine solvents as follows:

1 Mixed C and C4 acetylene from crude butadiene.

The solids analysis corresponds to two solvent molecules per CuCl, in both cases with a residual copper content of 4 copper for 1 acetylene with ethylene diamine and 3.5 copper for 1 acetylene for diethylene triamine. Residual chlorine in the solvents amounts to 0.7 chlorine per acetylene for ethylene diamine and 0.6 chlorine per acetylene for diethylene triamine. The copper to acetylene ratios correspond to what would be expected for complexed acetylides. Thus, the complexed complex acetylides are probably coprecipitated with the simple amine cuprous chloride complex, e.g., via cocrystallization.

The new composition of matter complexed complex acetylides are further understood by analogy to the potassium copper complex acetylides described by R. Nast in an article entitled, Complex Acetylides of Transition Metals, in Coord. Chem., pp. 103-112 (1959). Thus, conventional explosive simple acetylides, R. Nast complex acetylides, and the present complexed complex acetylides are represented as follows:

Simple acetylide:

Cll-CECR (Explosive) Complex acetylides (analogous to R. Nast acetylides Where Cu outside the brackets is K):

CulCu(-CECR):]

(Probably nouexplosivo) Cuz[( E )al Complexed complex acetylides:

It is noted that the first complexed complex acetylide formula listed is by analogy to the R. Nast complex acetylides the present new composition of matter. Thus, the present preparation involves only small amounts of acetylides present relative to the cuprous salt. This is similar to the last equation described on page 107 of R. Nast. However, since both formulas have the same stoichiometry, e.g., for C4EICU/C=6/8=3/4 and Cu/C=9/12=3/4 respectively, there is some possibility it is the second formula or a mixture of the two materials.

The critical solvents which may be used are in general any organic base (or liquid ammonia) having appreciable solubility for the cuprous salt which does not form an insoluble complex with the copper salt, which does not convert the salt to metallic copper or cupric ion, and most important which has low solubility, i.e., less than 1 wt. percent, more preferably less than 0.1 wt. percent, most preferably less than 0.05 wt. percent for the new complexed complex acetylides described above (to create the strong driving force for the reaction mentioned above). Preferably also most important the solvent also has relatively high solubility for the simple acetylides, i.e., preferably greater than 0.10 wt. percent, more preferably greater than 1 wt. percent, most preferably greater than 5 wt. percent. Thus, this high solubility provides sufiicient dissolved simple acetylides to give rapid formation of the complexed complex acetylides and prevents precipitation of the explosive simple acetylides. It should be noted that it is believed that the complexed complex acetylides are formed only from simple acetylides in solution. Preferably to promote the formation of acetylides the solvent has a pH of 7.5 to 15, preferably 9 to 14. Since addition of certain cuprous salts to certain solvents changes the pH of these solvents it is preferred to utilize a final cuprous salt solution having a pH of 5 to 15, preferably 7 to 14. It is noted that the critical low solubility for the complexed complex acetylides may be obtained also by careful control of reaction conditions, e.g., temperature and by expedients such as addition of antisolvents.

Preferred solvents are as follows:

(1) Sulfoxides, preferably C to C more preferably C to C branched and straight chain alkyl, aryl and aralkyl sulfoxides, e.g., dimethylsulfoxide, diethylsulfoxide, tetramethylene-sulfoxide.

(2) Amines, preferably C to C20, more preferably C to C branched and straight chain alkyl, aryl and aralkyl amines, e.g., ethylene diamine, diethylenetriamine, diethylamine triethylenetetramine. Where amines are used, the complexed complex acetylide solids also contain cocrystallized amine-cuprous salt complex, about 2 moles of amine per mole of copper.

(3) Amides, preferably C to C more preferably C to C branched and straight chain alkyl, aryl and aralky-l amides, e.g., N,N' dimethylformamide, N,N'-diethylformamide, dimethyl acetamide, formamide, N- methyl formamide.

The amount of cuprous salt dissolved in the solvent may be any amount up to a saturated solution or even, less preferably, a supersaturated solution and will, of course, depend upon the solvent used. In general, preferred amounts of copper salt are 1 to 50, preferably 3 to 25 wt. percent based on solvent.

The solvents used in the present invention are preferably used alone, however, they may be used in admixture with other materials so long as the appropriate basicity and solvency of the solution are maintained. Preferably where water is used as an additional material the amount is limited to less than 40%, preferably less than 15%, since it has been found that larger amounts promote the formation of explosive uncomplexed acetylides rather than the new complexed acetylides of this invention. Furthermore, at high water levels, some hydrolysis of CuCl to form I-ICl which inhibits the acetylene removal reaction may occur. It is noted that some of the streams purified according to the present invention contain a small amount of water. This small amount of water builds up in repetitive cycling of the solvent, however, the amount in many solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide is limited by equilibrium, e.g., to 7.5%. At this level water does not particularly adversely affect the reaction and may be of some benefit in limiting solubility of unreacted feed components.

The appropriate cuprous salt to be dissolved in the solvent may be any cuprous salt so long as appropriate anions are present with the cuprous iOns to produce the acetylide complex with the cuprous salt, i.e., in general any cuprous salt capable of complexing with acetylenes, e.g., a cuprous halide; a cuprous salt of a carboxylic acid, preferably a C to C monocarboxylic acid, e.g., cuprous ammonium acetate; less preferably cuprous hydroxide or cuprous cyanide. Preferably the same cuprous salt is dissolved in the solvent as that formed in the complex rather than, e.g., cuprous chloride being dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide containing acetic acid to form the cuprous acetate. It is preferred that the cuprous salt used have a purity of above 90 wt. percent, preferably above 95 wt. percent, most preferably above 98 wt. percent.

The cuprous salt liquid solution is contacted with the acetylene-containing stream at temperatures preferably of to 60 C., preferably 20 to 40 C., e.g., 30 C. With some solvents reaction conditions must be chosen to obtain the required low solubility for the complexed complex acetylides, e.g., temperature, high concentration of cuprous salt, etc. The acetylene-containing stream may be supplied either as a vapor which is bubbled through the cuprous salt containing solution or alternatively liquid-liquid contacting, i.e., mixing followed by settling, e.g., to separate, may be used. Mole ratios of acetylene-containing stream to solution are 0.1 to 10, preferably 0.25 to 4-, e.g., 1. Liquid contacting times are 1 minute to 2 hours, preferably 5 minutes to 40 minutes, e.g., 15 minutes. Vapor contacting times are 1 to 300 seconds, preferably 5 to 100 seconds, e.g., 30 seconds. Pressures may be any suitable pressure from superatmospheric to subatmospheric pressure, preferably to 200 p.s.i.a.

Preferably a proton acceptor stronger than the solvent itself is present in the solvent mixture or may be added with the acetylene-containing stream supplied to remove the protons released in the formation of the acetylides. Preferred proton acceptors are ionic bases, preferably NaOH, KOH, or NH OH, ammonia, amines, preferably C to C more preferably C to C branched and straight chain, :alkyl, aryl and aralkyl amines, e.g., ethylene di-.

amine. The amount of proton acceptor present in the solvent is preferably 0.1 to 25, more preferably 1 to 15 mole percent proton acceptor based on solvent.

Following contacting which may or may not include precipitation of solid complexed complex acetylides from the solution, the solution containing a slurry of the complexed acetylides or the complexed acetylides separated from the solution are stripped to remove non-acetylene materials present in the stream and the material is regenerated to spring the acetylenes by heating plus preferably adding a proton donor such as HCl, :acetic acid, ammonium ion, or water to free the acetylene. Suitable temperatures are to 150 C., preferably to C. and holding at this temperature for l to 200, preferably 10 to 60 minutes. The amount of proton donor to be added is preferably 0 to 1 equivalent, more preferably 0.1 to 0.3 equivalent per equivalent of cuprous salt in the contacting solution.

Preferred proton donors are preferably the corresponding acids of the cuprous salts used such as HCl, water, and C to C more preferably C to C branched and straight chain :alkyl, aryl and aralkyl organic acids, e.g., acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, etc.

Example 1 Varying amounts of the cuprous salt were dissolved, e.g., 15 g. of Bower Chemical Mfg. Company reagent grade cuprous chloride was dissolved in cc. of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at room temperature, i.e., 24 C. In addition to the solvent in some cases a proton acceptor, e.g., ammonia, sodium hydroxide, etc. was added. The use of a proton acceptor gave uniform results indicating that in the absence of such a material difficulty in precipitating of the solid complexed acetylides frequently occurs. The solution was put in the gas bubbler and crude butadiene or crude ethylene having the following compositions was fed through a rotometer to the bubbler: butadiene stream: 52% butene-l plus isobutylene, 33% 1,3-butadiene, 0.06 to 0.11% each of methyl, ethyl and vinyl acetylenes and the rest mixed butenes and butanes; ethylene stream: 49.3% ethylene, 14.2% ethane, 0.23% acetylene and 36.3% H CH inerts. A gas chromatograph was used to monitor the efiluent gases from the bubbler. Crude butadiene or ethylene was fed at 0.2 liter/minute and acetylene contents monitored periodically. In all of the examples except as indicated, e.g., liquid-liquid runs, room temperature and approximately atmospheric pressure were utilized. The experiment was continued until breakthrough of acetylenes above 200 ppm. The gas chromatograph was able to detect levels of 10 ppm. or above. Notations were made of whether solids precipitated during the run. In each case giving greater than 1 l./gm. capacity solids were precipitated. Following completion of the run the solution was analyzed. In the case where no solids were precipitated the spent solution was transferred and was analyzed for the following properties: pH, percent carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, copper, sulfur, infrared spectrum and programmed temperature gas chromatograph.

In some cases attempts were made to regenerate the solution for reuse by heating in the presence of a nitrogen purge gas. Both in this situation and in the following described situation where solids are precipitated both gas liquid contacting and liquid-liquid contacting are used. Where liquid-liquid contacting is used, the usual mixer followed by a settler to separate the treated solution from the solvent was used. In this case gas chromatographic readings on the effluent showed presence of regenerated acetylenes and the amount thereof.

Where solids precipitated, the solution was filtered to separate the solids. The solids were then in some cases submitted for analysis as above described and in other cases were regenerated by a variety of techniques. Included in these techniques was purging at lower temperatures, e.g., 58 to 90 C. to first remove unreacted feed materials and in other cases direct regeneration without purging was conducted utilizing an inert gas stripping agent. Again product gas analyses were obtained to determine the amount of acetylides present. A variety of regeneration techniques were used in addition to the above, including heating in the presence of a proton donor HCl, acetic acid, ammonium salts, water. Also attempts were made to heat in the absence of any proton donor, i.e., dry solids, which attempts were ineffectual.

TABLE I.-THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS SOLVENIS ON ACETYLENES REMOVAL (FROM GASEOUS Ci STREAMS) CAPACITY OF CuCl SOLUTIONS) [Room Temperature, Atmos. Pressure] Breakthrough (above 200 Solubility, p.p.m. acetygms. CuCl Solvent lene tail per 100 gas) capacity, ml. soln.

liters/g. CuCl Dimethylsulfoxide 12. 5 23 1 Dicthylsulioxide 2. 8 4. l Tetramethylenesulfoxide 5. 9. 1 N,N'-dimethylformamide 6.8 1. 7 Ammonium Hydroxide (e0nc.) 1 45 6. 7 11% DMSO in ammonium hydroxide (cone) 1 12 Ethylene diamine 7 Diethylene triamine 2 Triethylene tetramine 1. 4 Diethanolamine 0 Dimethylsulfide 0 Pyridine 0 Aniline- 0 Acetonitrile" 0 N-methylpyrrolidone 6 Methylamine I 56 l Forms explosive acetylides as a precipitate.

TABLE II.-COi\lPARISON OF CUPROUS SALTS FOR ACET- YLENE REMOVAL (FROM C4 STREAMS) CAPACITY OF CUPROUS SALT SOLUTIONS [Room Temperature, Atmos. Pressure] Breakthrough Capacity Salt Solvent Liters/g. Liters/g. Cu

of Salt 3O 0 0 1.0 2. 3 DMSO 1 10 l 50:50 mixture of DMSO and CAA solution containing 6.3 g. Cu+ per 100 ml. of solution. All solutions contain approximately this same concentration of On Example 2.--The effect of dimethylsulfoxide on acetylenes removal capacity of CAA solutions (room temp, atm. pressure) Breakthrough Capacity at 200 p.p.m.

Acetylenes in Tail Gas DMSO in Solution,

Vol. Percent Liters/g. Cu Liters/liter of Soln.

1 50:50 mixture of CAA solution indicated below and water.

2 CAA solution contains 2.49 M total Cu, 0.48 M Cupric Cu, 11.72 M NH;, 6.80 M Acetate, 0.039 wt. percent polymer, and 0.004 mole per liter of acetylides.

3 Solution foams very badly only very low gas teed rates std. rate) could be used and breakthrough to 150 p.p.m. aeetylenes occurred at 5 1 liter/g. CuCl.

4 Forms a solid precipitate containing the acetylenes, other solutions stay homogeneous.

Example 3.Effect of solids precipitation on acetylene removal from C streams Referring to the figure (standard feed gas rate 0.2 liter/minute) it can be seen that much higher removals of acetylenes are obtained where the complexed acetylides are precipitated.

Example 4.C streams Example 5.Liquid-liquid contacting (contacting time=l hour) Feed Crude Butadiene (3,000 p.p.m. acctylcncs) Temperature, C 15 24 38 Pressure, p.s.i.g 0 48 03 120 DMSO Solution to Feed Ratio, Vol. l. 0 1.0 l. 0 1. 0 CuCl in DMSO Solution, wt. percent 5. 4 5. 4 6. 4 6. 4 H2O in Solution, wt. percent 14. 6 0 1. 6 1. 6 Acetylenes Content of Treated C Product, p.p.m 10 10 01 47 Solid Formed During Reaction 1 Yes.

Example 6.-Regenerations of cuprous salt slurry with and Without N prestripping These runs include the total solution plus solids contained in a spent solution from C treating.

Atmospheric Pressure Operatic n- Example 7.-Regeneration of cuprous salt solution with and without prestripping (no solids in spent solution) Prestripped No Preat C. stripping Stripping Gas N N 04 from Prestripping;

C4- in C4, wt. percent -35 Acetylenes, wt. percent. 0. 24 Regeneration Temp., C 04 from Regeneration:

C4" in C4, wt. percent -50 43 Acetylenes, wt. percent 38 9 Example 8.-Regeneration restores solution treating capacity This series of runs shows that a considerable portion of solution of 5.9 wt. percent cuprous chloride in dimethyl sulfoxide with regeneration after each cycle by stripping with N at 110 C. to C.

Solution Treating Capacity, l./g. CuCl at 200 p.p.m. Acetylenes in Product No Solids Made Solids Made 2. g 1?. 7 Cycle 3 315 4:2

This series of runs shows that a considerable portion of the capacity of the solution is restored by regeneration at 110 to 150 C. with N stripping. The loss in capacity is due to loss of proton acceptor.

Example 9.-Proton donors inhibit reaction to remove acetylenes The standard capacity test was run on CuCl-DMSO solutions to which small amounts of proton donors, sufficient to lower the pH below 7, e.g., HCl and NH Cl had been added. In both these cases no acetylenes removal was obtained. A similar test with acetic acid shows that it is to weak a proton donor to inhibit the reaction at 20 to 40 C.

Example 10.Proton acceptors enhance reaction to remove acetylenes Because the formation of HCl in the acetylene removal reaction which tends to limit the capacity of CuCl-DMSO solutions for acetylenes, proton acceptors which tie up the HCl can extend the capacity of the solution. The addition of a limited amount of anhydrous ammonia to a CuCl-DMSO solution extended its capacity from the usual l7 liters/gram CuCl up to 22 liters/ gram CuCl. Furthermore, the addition of small amounts of NaOH or air to spent CuCl-DMSO solutions reactivated the solutions and gave further acetylenes removal. The NaOH apparently ties up the HCl as NaCl while the air oxidizes it to water and CuCl in the presence of the DMSO-CuCl solution. Preferably the amount of proton acceptors added is such to keep the pH within the preferred ranges listed above.

Example 11.Proton donors needed during regeneration Experiments on the regeneration of dry solids obtained by washing the solids (filtered from spent CuCl-DMSO solutions used to treat crude C successively with Water, alcohol, and ether and then drying in flowing N have shown the high desirability of having a proton donor available to enhance recovery of acetylenes from the solids. Proton donors which have proved satisfactory at room temperature are dilute and concentrated aqueous HCl and anhydrous HCl in DMSO solution. When heated to to 100 to 150 C., the acetylene can be recovered from the solids by using water, steam, water-DMSO solution, NH Cl solution, ammonium acetate solution, and NH O-H solution. Care must be taken to purge the acetylenes from the solids and solutions rapidly or they may polymerize, react with the proton donor, or reduce CuCl to Cu metal. However, by treating the solids free of unreacted feed with proton donors, acetylene purities in the recovered acetylenes greater than 95 have been obtained.

Example 12.Acetylene removal from synthetic feeds Synthetic feed stocks were made by adding about 1% of a pure acetylene to a mixture of 65% isobutylene and 34% of 1,3-'butadiene. Separate mixtures were made using methylacetylene, ethylacetylene and vinylacetylene as the pure acetylene. In each case the synthetic feed was bubbled through a CuCl-DMSO solution at room temperature until the solution was exhausted. In each case a solid precipitate formed and the acetylenes content of the tail gas was less than 25 p.p.m. The precipitates were colored dark tan for ethylacetylene, yellow green for methylacetylene and bright yellow for vinylacetylene, They were nonexplosive on heating. This shows that either pure acetylenes or mixtures of acetylenes are removed equally well by CuCl-DMSO solutions.

Example 13.Solubility of complexed complex acetylide prepared from vinyl acetylene in various solvents which show immediate precipitation Saturated solutions containing an excess of the complexed complex acetylide of cuprous chloride with vinylacetylene were prepared at room-temperature using various solvents. The solutions were then filtered, evaporated to dryness, and concentrated sulfuric acid was added to the dry solid residue. The samples were then re-evaporated to dryness and fired to recover CuO. The amount of com- 10 plexed complex acetylide in the saturated solution was calculated from the weight of CuO obtained.

Solubility of complexed complex acetylide, grams per 100 ml.

Solvent: of solution Dimethylformamide 0.073 Dimethylsulfide 0.17 Diethylsulfoxide 0.3 0 Acetonitrile 0. 14 Ethylenedi-ami-ne 0.63 Die-thylenetriamine 0.40 Triethylenetetramine 0.3 8 Aniline 0.17

Pyridine 1.13 Dimethylsulfoxide 0.06 Ammonium hydroxide 0.62 N-methylpyrrolidone 0.06

1 Solution may not have been saturated.

It is noted that the above data indicates that low solubility correlates with high capacity except in the instance where the cuprous salt had low solubility in the solvent, where cuprous salt reacted with solvent, e.g., aniline, and where the pH was too acidic, e.g., dimethylsulfide (pH 4.4) and diethylsulfoxide (pH 2.7).

What is claimed is:

1. A process for selectively removing acetylenes from a C to C acetylene containing stream containing also other highly reactive materials which comprises contacting the said stream at a temperature of 0 to C. with a cuprous salt selected from the group consisting of cuprous halides, cuprous salts of C to C monocarboxylic acids, and cuprous ammonium salts of C to C monocarboxylic acids, the said salt being dissolved in an organic basic solvent selected from the group consisting of C to C sulfoxides, C to C amines, and C to C amides and having appreciable solubility for the cuprous salt and a solubility of less than 1% for complexed complex acetylides, the solvent containing less than 40 wt. percent water, and separating the said acetylene containing stream substantially reduced in acetylene content from the cuprous salt solvent solution.

2. The process of claim 1 in which the solvent has a solubility for simple acetylides greater than 0.5 wt. percent.

3. The process of claim 1 in which the solvent contains less than 15 wt. percent water.

4. The process of claim 1 in which 0.1 to 25 mole percent of a proton acceptor stronger than the solvent is present in the cuprous salt basic solvent solution.

5. The process of claim 1 in which the cuprous salt is cuprous chloride and the solvent is dimethylsulfoxide.

6. The process of claim 5 in which the acetylene containing stream is a crude C to C stream from refinery operations containing above 10 wt. percent diolefins.

7. The process of claim 1 in which the acetylene containin stream is present as a vapor during contacting with the cuprous salt solvent solution.

8. The process of claim 1 in which the cuprous salt solvent solution separated from the acetylene containing stream is heated to to C. to spring the acetylenes and is then reused as the cuprous salt solvent solution contacted with the acetylene containing stream.

9. The process of claim 1 in which the cuprous salt solvent solution is stripped to remove unreacted physically absorbed material from the acetylene containing stream contacted, the stripped cuprous salt solution is heated to 90 to 150 C. with the supply of additional amounts of stripping gas to spring the acetylenes, and acetylenes are removed from the overhead stripping gases.

10. The process of claim 1 in which solid complexed complex acetylides are separated from the cuprous salt solvent solution after contacting with the acetylene containing stream, and the cuprous salt solvent solution is thereafter reused to contact additional quantities of the acetylene containing stream.

11. The process of claim 1 in which solid complexcd complex acetylides are separated from the cuprous salt solvent solution after contacting with the acetylene containing stream, the said solid complexed complex acetylides separated are stripped to remove physically absorbed material from the acetylene containing stream contacted, the said solids are heated to 90 to 150 C. and acetylenes are recovered from said solidsv 12. The process of claim 11 in which a small amount of a proton donor is added to the solid complexed complex acetylides prior to heating the solids to 90 to 150 C.

13. The process of claim 1 in which the solvent is a C to C sulfoxide.

14. The process of claim 1 in which the solvent is a C to C amine.

15. The process of claim 1 in which the solvent is a C1 to C20 amide.

16. The process of claim 1 in which the cuprous salt solvent solution, after the acetylene containing stream has been separated, contains precipitated complexed complex acetylides.

References Cited DELBERT E. GANTZ, Primary Examiner.

G. E. SCHMITKONS, Assistant Examiner. 

